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Turbulent Boundary Layer (APS Gallery Submiss...
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High-quality movie of a turbulent boundary layer direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) performed in 2010, reaching up to Re_theta=4300. Simulations were performed with up to 7.5 billion grid points on the Ekman cluster at KTH Stockholm. More information and simulation data: http://www.mech.kth.se/~pschlatt/DATA. Movie with better resolution: http://arxiv.org/abs/1010.4000\r\n\r\nResults of this DNS are described in Schlatter and Orlu, 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 659, 116-126.\r\n\r\nThe simulations use a spectral discretisation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a grid with up to 8192x513x768 spectral modes.\r\n\r\nSimulation code: Simson (http://www.mech.kth.se/~mattias/simson-user-guide-v4.0.pdf)\r\n\r\nhttp://www.mech.kth.se/mech/info_staff.jsp?ID=216 |
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Orbital Mechanics
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This video details planetary motion or orbital mechanics. It explains Kepler's and Newton's Laws plus terminology including perigee, apogee, eccentricity, orbital inclination, launch window, etc. Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is a core discipline within space mission design and control. Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbital dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems,
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How Airplanes Fly
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The simple physics of aerodynamically generated lift and drag and other forces that enable an aircraft to fly is discussed. A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a surface force on it. Lift is defined to be the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction.It contrasts with the drag force, which is defined to be the component of the surface force parallel to the flow direction. If the fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. An
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SR 71 Blackbird
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The Lockheed SR-71 is an advanced, long range, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed from the Lockheed A-12 and YF-12 aircraft by the Lockheed Skunk Works as a Black project. The SR-71 was unofficially named the Blackbird, and called the Habu by its crews, referring to an Okinawan species of pit viper. Clarence "Kelly" Johnson was responsible for many of the design's innovative concepts. A defensive feature of the aircraft was its high speed and operating altitude, whereby, if a surface-to-air missile launch were detected, standard evasive action was simply to accelerate. The SR-71 line was in service from 1964 to 1998, with 12 of the 32 aircraft destroyed in accidents, though none was lost to enemy action. Since 1976, it has held the world record for the fastest air breathing manned aircraft, a record previously held by the YF-12. |
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Influence of a Streamwise Pressure Gradient o...
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In this video, Kiran Dellimore gives a broad overview of his research paper entitled 'Influence of a Streamwise Pressure Gradient on Film-Cooling Effectiveness' published in the JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER,Vol. 23, No. 1, January-March 2009. His co-authors are Carlos Cruz, Andre W. Marshall, and Christopher P. Cadou all from the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742. The paper may be accessed using the following DOI: 10.2514/1.35717 Film cooling is widely used in conventional gas turbine and rocket engines to minimize thermal loading of engine structures and to manage heat transfer between hot, reacting gases and cooler structural components. Previous experimental work has shown that streamwise pressure gradients strongly influence the performance of the film.This paper extends semi-empirical modeling ideas for wall-jet film cooling to include the effects of adverse and favorable pressure gradients. The extended model shows that a pressure gradient’s effect on cooling performance depends on whether the velocity of the film is greater than the core flow (a wall-jet... |
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Kennedy Space Center STS 127 Launch
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Kennedy Space Center STS 127 LaunchSTS-127 (ISS assembly flight 2J/A) was a space shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was the twenty-third flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. The primary purpose of the STS-127 mission was to deliver and install the final two components of the Japanese Experiment Module: the Exposed Facility (JEM EF), and the Exposed Section of the Experiment Logistics Module (ELM-ES).[NASA 2] When Endeavour docked with ISS, it set a record for the most humans in space at the same time in the same vehicle, the first time thirteen people have been at the station at the same time. It also tied the record of thirteen people in space at any one time. The first launch attempt, on June 13, 2009, was scrubbed due to a gaseous hydrogen leak observed during tanking. The Ground Umbilical Carrier Plate (GUCP) on the external fuel tank experienced a potentially hazardous hydrogen gas leak similar to the fault that delayed the Space Shuttle Discovery, mission STS-119 in March 2009. Since a launch date of June 18, 2009 would have conflicted with the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)/Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), NASA ma... |
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The Lunar Orbiter: A Spacecraft to Advance Lu...
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1966. The film describes the Lunar Orbiter's mission to photograph landing areas on the Moon. The Orbiter will be launched from Cape Kennedy using an Atlas Agena booster rocket. Once it is boosted in a trajectory toward the Moon, the Orbiter will deploy two-way earth communication antennas and solar panels for electricity. Attitude control jets will position the solar panels toward the sun and a tracker for a fix on its navigational star. The Orbiter will be put in an off-center orbit around the Moon where it will circle from four to six days. Scientists on Earth will study the effects of the Moon's gravitational field on the spacecraft, then the orbit will be lowered to 28 miles above the Moon's surface. Engineers will control the Orbiter manually or by computer to activate two camera lenses. The cameras will capture pictures of 12,000 square miles of lunar surface in 25 and 400 square mile increments. Pictures will be sent back to Earth using solar power to transmit electrical signals. The signals will be received by antennas at Goldstone, CA, and in Australia and Spain. Incoming photographic data will be electronically converted and processed to produce large-scale photographic images. The mission will be directed from the Spac... |
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Aeroelastic Tests of an Eight Percent Scale S...
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Buffet and flutter characteristics of Saturn Apollo mission were studied using a dynamically scaled model. The model was built around a central aluminum tube for scaled stiffness distribution and strength to resist loads imposed during testing. Styrofoam sections attached to the core provided the correct external contours. Lead weights were added for correct mass distribution. An electromagnetic shaker was used to excite the model in its flexible modes of vibration during portions of the test. The model was supported on a sting, mounted by leaf springs, cables and torsion bars. The support system provided for simulating the full scale rigid body pitch frequency with minimum restraint imposed on elastic deflections. Bending moments recorded by sensors on the aluminum tube. Several modified nose configurations were tested: The basic configuration was tested with and without a flow separator disk on the escape rocket motor, tests also were made with the escape tower and rocket motor removed completely. For the final test, the Apollo capsule was replaced with a Jupiter nose cone. The test program consisted of determining model response throughout the transonic speed range at angles of attack up to 6 degrees and measuring the aerodynam... |
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Apollo-Lunar Orbital Rendezvous Technique
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The film shows artists rendition of the spacecrafts, boosters, and flight of the Apollo lunar missions. The Apollo spacecraft will consist of three modules: the manned Command Module; the Service Module, which contains propulsion systems; and the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) to carry astronauts to the moon and back to the Command and Service Modules. The spacecraft will be launched via a three-stage Saturn booster. The first stage will provide 7.5 million pounds of thrust from five F-1 engines for liftoff and initial powered flight. The second stage will develop 1 million pounds of thrust from five J-2 engines to boost the spacecraft almost into Earth orbit. Immediately after ignition of the second stage, the Launch Escape System will be jettisoned. A single J-2 engine in the S4B stage will provide 200,000 pounds of thrust to place the spacecraft in an earth parking orbit. It also will be used to propel the spacecraft into a translunar trajectory, then it will separate from the Apollo Modules. Onboard propulsion systems will be used to insert the spacecraft into lunar orbit. Two astronauts will enter the LEM, which will separate from the command and service modules. The LEM will go into elliptical orbit and prepare for landing. Th... |
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