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Infinite loop in a software program
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An infinite loop (also known as an endless loop or unproductive loop) is a sequence of instructions in a computer program which loops endlessly, either due to the loop having no terminating condition, having one that can never be met, or one that causes the loop to start over. In older operating systems with cooperative multitasking, infinite loops normally caused the entire system to become unresponsive. With the now-prevalent preemptive multitasking model, infinite loops usually cause the program to consume all available processor time, but can usually be terminated by the user. Busy-wait loops are also sometimes called "infinite loops". One possible cause of a computer "freezing" is an infinite loop; others include deadlock and access violations. |
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Hydraulic Model of Cardio Vascular System
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Dr Anderson's patent on Extracorporeal heart can be found here From Youtube - The video demonstrates the unique nature of the heart as a non-sucking pump, whose output is controlled by systemic factors, as opposed to pumps (such as standard roller pumps) that suck to fill, whose output is controlled by pump factors. It also shows the determinative effects of Mean Vascular Pressure, Inlet Impedance, and the critical role of the atrium on cardiac output. The resulting understanding is far more illuminating of the actual determinants of cardiac output than the emphasis on concepts like "stroke rate times stroke volume," preload, afterload, and contractility that dominates many basic physiology courses. Robert M. Anderson, MD (1920-2010) was Associate Professor of Surgery and Associate Dean of the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson, Arizona, and a Fellow of both the American College of Cardiology and the American College of Surgeons. |
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Jumping droplets help heat transfer
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Excerpt from MIT's Research Update - Many industrial plants depend on water vapor condensing on metal plates: In power plants, the resulting water is then returned to a boiler to be vaporized again; in desalination plants, it yields a supply of clean water. The efficiency of such plants depends crucially on how easily droplets of water can form on these metal plates, or condensers, and how easily they fall away, leaving room for more droplets to form. The key to improving the efficiency of such plants is to increase the condensers’ heat-transfer coefficient — a measure of how readily heat can be transferred away from those surfaces, explains Nenad Miljkovic, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering at MIT. As part of his thesis research, he and colleagues have done just that: designing, making and testing a coated surface with nanostructured patterns that greatly increase the heat-transfer coefficient. The results of that work have been published in the journal Nano Letters, in a paper co-authored by Mil... |
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Fish Inspired Wind Turbines
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Excerpt from http://www.caltech.edu/article/13430
"The power output of wind farms can be increased by an order of magnitude—at least tenfold—simply by optimizing the placement of turbines on a given plot of land, say researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) who have been conducting a unique field study at an experimental two-acre wind farm in northern Los Angeles County.
A paper describing the findings—the results of field tests conducted by John Dabiri, Caltech professor of aeronautics and bioengineering, and colleagues during the summer of 2010—appears in the July issue of the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy." |
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3D Printing from MIT
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In this video, we show how MIT research continues to push the boundaries of the burgeoning technology of 3-D printing.
The following excerpt is from the MIT news office webpage at http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/3d-printing-0914.html
"The initial motivation was to produce models for visualization — for architects and others — and help streamline the development of new products, such as medical devices. Cima explains, “The slow step in product development was prototyping. We wanted to be able to rapidly prototype surgical tools, and get them into surgeons’ hands to get feedback.”
3DP technology involves building up a shape gradually, one thin layer at a time. The device uses a “stage” — a metal platform mounted on a piston — that’s raised or lowered by a tiny increment at a time. A layer of powder is spread across this platform, and then a print head similar to those used in inkjet printers deposits a binder liquid onto the powder, binding it together. Then, the platform is lowered infinitesimally, another thin layer of powder is applied on top of the last, and the next layer of binder is deposited." |
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NASA's Curiosity Finds First Evidence Of Wate...
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NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has found clear evidence of water on the Red Planet, scientists report ! Images taken by Curiosity show rounded stones cemented into the rock. Planetary scientist Rebecca Williams says these stones are too big to have been moved by wind. The $2.5 billion Mars Curiosity mission is NASA's first astrobiology mission since the 1970s. |
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adorable extremophiles
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Hank explains why NASA and the European Space Agency are in love with tardigrades and how these extremophiles are helping us study the panspermia hypothesis. |
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Overdamped and Critically Damped Oscillations
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The value of the damping ratio ζ determines the behavior of the system. A damped harmonic oscillator can be:
(a) Overdamped (ζ > 1): The system returns (exponentially decays) to equilibrium without oscillating. Larger values of the damping ratio ζ return to equilibrium more slowly. (b) Critically damped (ζ = 1): The system returns to equilibrium as quickly as possible without oscillating. This is often desired for the damping of systems such as doors. (c) Underdamped (0 < ζ < 1): The system oscillates (at reduced frequency compared to the undamped case) with the amplitude gradually decreasing to zero. (d) Undamped (ζ = 0): The system oscillates at its natural resonant frequency (ωo).
Source: Wikipedia |
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RLC Circuit Oscillations
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An RLC circuit (or LCR circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The RLC part of the name is due to those letters being the usual electrical symbols for resistance, inductance and capacitance respectively. The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for current and will resonate in a similar way as an LC circuit will. The main difference that the presence of the resistor makes is that any oscillation induced in the circuit will die away over time if it is not kept going by a source. This effect of the resistor is called damping. The presence of the resistance also reduces the peak resonant frequency somewhat. Some resistance is unavoidable in real circuits, even if a resistor is not specifically included as a component. A pure LC circuit is an ideal which really only exists in theory.
Source: Wikipedia |
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Damped Oscillations
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In physics, damping is an effect that reduces the amplitude of oscillations in an oscillatory system, particularly the harmonic oscillator. This effect is linearly related to the velocity of the oscillations. This restriction leads to a linear differential equation of motion, and a simple analytic solution. In mechanics, damping may be realized using a dashpot. This device uses the viscous drag of a fluid, such as oil, to provide a resistance that is related linearly to velocity. Source : Wikipedia |
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